KIDNEY CANCER (RENAL CELL CARCINOMA)
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What is Kidney Cancer?
Kidney cancer, also called renal cell carcinoma (RCC), is a malignant growth that begins in the cells of the kidney. The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of a human fist, that filter waste from the blood and produce urine. Renal cell carcinoma is the most common type of kidney cancer, accounting for about 90 percent of cases.
Kidney cancer may be diagnosed at any stage, from very early (confined to the kidney) to advanced (spread to distant organs like the lungs, bones, or liver). Early detection improves treatment outcomes significantly. At Onco-Life Cancer Centre, we use advanced imaging and diagnostic tools to identify kidney cancer at the earliest possible stage.
Symptoms and Warning Signs of Kidney Cancer
Early-stage kidney cancer often does not cause any symptoms. Many cases are discovered incidentally when imaging for other reasons. However, as the cancer grows, the following symptoms may appear:
- Blood in the urine (haematuria) – the most common symptom, may appear rusty or dark
- Persistent back or flank pain on one side
- A palpable lump or mass on the side or lower back
- Unexplained weight loss
- Persistent fever unrelated to infection
- Fatigue and weakness
- High blood pressure
- Loss of appetite
If you experience any of these symptoms, please consult a qualified oncologist or urologist immediately. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions, but a medical evaluation is important.
How is Kidney Cancer Diagnosed?
Your doctor will begin with a medical history and physical examination. If kidney cancer is suspected, the following diagnostic tests may be recommended:
Imaging Tests
- Ultrasound – produces images using sound waves, often the first imaging test
- Computed tomography (CT) scan – creates detailed cross-sectional images of the kidney
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) – produces high-resolution images without radiation
- PET-CT scan (Positron Emission Tomography – Computed Tomography) – detects areas of abnormal metabolic activity and assesses spread
Tissue Diagnosis
- Renal biopsy – a needle or surgical sample of kidney tissue, examined under a microscope to confirm malignancy
- Pathology analysis – tissue analysis to determine the histological subtype (clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, etc.)
Laboratory Tests
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Kidney function tests
- Liver function tests
At Onco-Life Cancer Centre, our diagnostic imaging includes advanced PET-CT scanning and digital pathology capabilities, enabling accurate staging and precise treatment planning.
Kidney Cancer Staging
Staging describes the size and extent of the cancer. The TNM system is used internationally:
Stage | Characteristics | 5-Year Survival Rate* |
Stage 1 | Tumour is small and confined to the kidney | Approx. 80-90% |
Stage 2 | Tumour is larger but still confined to the kidney | Approx. 60-75% |
Stage 3 | Tumour has spread to regional lymph nodes or renal vein | Approx. 40-50% |
Stage 4 | Tumour has spread to distant organs (lungs, bones, liver) or to the renal vein | Approx. 15-20% |
* Survival rates are based on data from international cancer registries and may vary by individual patient factors, treatment received, and access to care. These are population averages and do not predict individual outcomes.
Treatment Options for Kidney Cancer
Treatment decisions depend on the stage, grade, patient age, kidney function, and overall health. At Onco-Life Cancer Centre, our multidisciplinary team – including surgical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists – creates a personalized treatment plan for each patient.
Surgical Oncology
- Radical nephrectomy – surgical removal of the entire affected kidney, surrounding tissue, and regional lymph nodes
- Partial (nephron-sparing) nephrectomy – removal of only the tumour and a small margin of normal tissue, preserving kidney function when possible
- Minimally invasive approaches – laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery to reduce recovery time
Radiation Therapy
- Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays to target cancer cells. It may be used:
- As a primary treatment in patients who are not surgical candidates
- To manage metastatic disease (e.g., brain or bone metastases)
- For palliative care to relieve pain and other symptoms
At Onco-Life Cancer Centre, we offer advanced radiation modalities including IMRT (Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy) and IGRT (Image-Guided Radiation Therapy) for precise targeting and minimal damage to healthy tissue.
Medical Oncology
For advanced or metastatic kidney cancer, the following medical treatments may be recommended:
- Targeted therapy – drugs that target specific proteins that help cancer cells grow (e.g., tyrosine kinase inhibitors)
- Immunotherapy – medications that enhance the body’s own immune response against cancer cells
- Combination therapy – multidrug regimens for enhanced efficacy
What to Expect During Treatment
Your treatment team will explain the plan, expected duration, potential side effects, and follow-up schedule. Regular imaging and blood tests will monitor response to treatment. Support services including nutrition, palliative care, and psychological counselling are available.
Kidney Cancer Treatment at Onco-Life Cancer Centre
Onco-Life Cancer Centre is Maharashtra’s largest dedicated oncology hospital network with three National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers (NABH) accreditations. We are members of the National Cancer Grid (NCG), ensuring alignment with India’s top cancer treatment protocols.
Our comprehensive kidney cancer programme includes:
Expert surgical oncologists experienced in open, laparoscopic, and robotic nephrectomy
Radiation oncologists with advanced training in IMRT, IGRT, VMAT, and SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy)
Medical oncologists certified in precision oncology and immunotherapy
Virtual Tumour Board – multidisciplinary case review with surgeons, oncologists, pathologists, and radiologists
On-site PET-CT imaging for staging and response assessment
Digital pathology for accurate histopathological diagnosis
Palliative care and pain management programmes
Nutritional support specialising in oncology nutrition
Government scheme empanelment: MJPJAY (Mahatma Jyotirao Phule Jan Arogya Yojana), PM-JAY (Ayushman Bharat), and CGHS (Central Government Health Scheme)
Cashless insurance processing through GIPSA (General Insurance Public Sector Association)
We have treated over 1,20,000 cancer patients across our four centres in Talegaon, Wagholi, Satara, and Chiplun.
About Patient Stories
Patient testimonials and stories shared on this website represent individual experiences. Individual results may vary based on tumour characteristics, stage, treatment received, and personal health factors. These personal accounts should not be taken as a guarantee of treatment outcomes or prognosis for other patients.
SPEAK WITH A KIDNEY CANCER SPECIALIST
Book an appointment with our experienced oncologists at Onco-Life Cancer Centre. We offer in-person and remote consultations. Early consultation can help determine the best treatment approach for your situation.
Our Centres Across Maharashtra
Talegaon (Flagship Centre)
General Hospital Campus, Talegaon-Chakan Road, Yashwant Nagar, Talegaon Dabhade, Maharashtra 410506
Advanced radiation technology: TomoTherapy Radixact X9 with real-time motion tracking
Satara
Full oncology services including surgical, medical, and radiation oncology
Chiplun
Kokan region access point with comprehensive cancer care services
Wagholi
Second Pune-access point providing oncology services
Accreditations and Memberships
Three NABH (National Accreditation Board for Hospitals and Healthcare Providers) accreditations by the Quality Council of India
Member of the National Cancer Grid (NCG), led by Tata Memorial Centre
Indian Cancer Society member
Government scheme empanelment: MJPJAY, PM-JAY, CGHS
GIPSA insurance empanelment
DISCLAIMER
This article is for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions regarding a medical condition.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Jyoti Mehta, M.D. (Physician), M.D. (Radiation Oncology), FICO, Consultant, Clinical and Radiation Oncologist, Onco-Life Cancer Centre. Last reviewed: May 2026.
Most Popular Questions
Kidney Cancer (Renal Cell Carcinoma)
Is Kidney Cancer Curable?
Kidney cancer outcomes depend on the stage at diagnosis and individual patient factors. Early-stage kidney cancer confined to the kidney has much better outcomes than advanced cancer. With modern treatment approaches - including surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy - many patients experience significant disease control. We recommend early diagnosis and prompt consultation with a specialist.
What Is The Difference Between Stage 1 And Stage 4 Kidney Cancer?
Stage 1 kidney cancer is confined to the kidney and typically smaller in size. It often has no symptoms and may be found incidentally. Stage 4 indicates the cancer has spread (metastasised) to distant organs like the lungs, bones, or liver. Stage 1 cancers have significantly better prognosis, which underscores the importance of early detection.
Can I Live With Advanced Kidney Cancer?
Yes. Modern treatments - particularly targeted therapy and immunotherapy - have substantially improved outcomes for patients with metastatic kidney cancer. Many patients live for several years after diagnosis of advanced disease. Treatment aims to slow progression, manage symptoms, and maintain quality of life. Your oncology team will discuss realistic expectations and individualised goals of care.
What Causes Kidney Cancer?
Risk factors for kidney cancer include smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, chronic kidney disease, and family history of kidney cancer. Some hereditary syndromes (such as von Hippel-Lindau disease) increase kidney cancer risk. However, kidney cancer can develop in people with no known risk factors.
Will I Need Chemotherapy For Kidney Cancer?
Traditional chemotherapy is not commonly used for kidney cancer. Instead, modern treatments like targeted therapy (tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and immunotherapy are preferred for advanced disease. Your oncologist will recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your cancer stage, histology, and overall health.
How Long Is Recovery After Kidney Surgery?
Recovery depends on the surgical approach. Open surgery typically requires 4-6 weeks for full recovery. Minimally invasive (laparoscopic or robotic) approaches often allow return to normal activity within 2-3 weeks. Your surgical team will provide detailed post-operative instructions and activity guidelines.
Can Kidney Cancer Be Detected Early?
Many kidney cancers are detected incidentally on imaging performed for other reasons. Screening is not routinely recommended for the general population. However, people with risk factors (smoking, obesity, family history) should discuss screening options with their physician. At Onco-Life, we offer AI-powered cancer screening and risk assessment tools.
Is A Second Opinion Recommended?
Many patients find value in consulting a second oncologist, especially for advanced-stage cancer. A second opinion helps ensure the treatment plan is optimal. Onco-Life Cancer Centre offers second opinion consultations (in-person and remote) from our experienced oncology team. Contact our centres to arrange a consultation.
